Identical applicant but different outcomes: the impact of gender versus race salience in hiring

People belong to multiple social groups, which may have conflicting stereotypic associations. A manager evaluating an Asian woman for a computer programming job could be influenced by negative gender stereotypes or by positive racial stereotypes. We hypothesized that evaluations of job candidates can depend upon what social group is more salient, even when both are apparent. In three studies, using student (Study 1) and non-student (Studies 2 and 3) samples, we compared ratings of an Asian-American female applicant, after subtly making her race or gender salient in stereotypically male employment contexts. Consistent with our predictions, we found evidence that men rated her as more skilled (Studies 1 and 3), more hirable (Studies 1-3), and offered her more pay (Study 2) in science and technology-related positions when her race, rather than gender, was salient. The theoretical implications for person perception and practical implications in employment contexts are discussed

Communicating Without the Face: Holistic Perception of Emotions of People With Facial Paralysis

People with facial paralysis (FP) report social difficulties, but some attempt to compensate by increasing expressivity in their bodies and voices. We examined perceivers’ emotion judgments of videos of people with FP to understand how they interpret the combination of an inexpressive face with an expressive body and voice. Results suggest perceivers form less favorable impressions of people with severe FP, but compensatory expression is effective in improving impressions. Perceivers seemed to form holistic impressions when rating happiness and possibly sadness. Findings have implications for basic emotion research and social functioning interventions for people with FP

Screening, prevalence, treatment and control of kidney disease in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes in low-to-middle-income countries (2005–2017): the International Diabetes Management Practices Study (IDMPS)

Diabetes is the leading cause of kidney disease worldwide. There is limited information on screening, treatment and control of kidney disease in patients with diabetes in low-to-middle-income countries (LMICs).Fil: Mbanya, Jean Claude. Université de Yaoundé ; CamerúnFil: Aschner, Pablo. Hospital Universitario San Ignacio; Colombia. Pontificia Universidad Javeriana; ColombiaFil: Gagliardino, Juan Jose. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Endocrinología Experimental y Aplicada. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Centro de Endocrinología Experimental y Aplicada; ArgentinaFil: Ilkova, Hasan. İstanbul S. Zaim Üniversitesi; TurquíaFil: Lavalle, Fernando. Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo Leon, Facultad de Medicina; MéxicoFil: Ramachandran, Ambady. India Diabetes Research Foundation; IndiaFil: Chantelot, Jean Marc. Sanofi; FranciaFil: Chan, Juliana C. N.. Prince of Wales Hospital; Chin

Persistent poor glycaemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes in developing countries: 12 years of real-world evidence of the International Diabetes Management Practices Study (IDMPS)

We evaluated the secular trend of glycaemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes in developing countries, where data are limited. Erratum in Correction to: Persistent poor glycaemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes in developing countries: 12 years of real-world evidence of the International Diabetes Management Practices Study (IDMPS). Aschner P, Gagliardino JJ, Ilkova H, Lavalle F, Ramachandran A, Mbanya JC, Shestakova M, Chantelot JM, Chan JCN. Diabetologia. 2020 May;63(5):1088-1089. doi: 10.1007/s00125-020-05118-3.Fil: Aschner, Pablo. Pontificia Universidad Javeriana; ColombiaFil: Gagliardino, Juan Jose. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Endocrinología Experimental y Aplicada. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Centro de Endocrinología Experimental y Aplicada; ArgentinaFil: Ilkova, Hasan. İstanbul Üniversitesi; TurquíaFil: Lavalle, Fernando. universidad Autónoma de Nueva León; MéxicoFil: Ramachandran, Ambady. India Diabetes Research Foundation; IndiaFil: Mbanya, Jean Claude. Université de Yaoundé I; CamerúnFil: Shestakova, Marina. Endocrinology Research Center Moscow; RusiaFil: Chantelot, Jean Marc. Sanofi; FranciaFil: Chan, Juliana C. N.. The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Chin

Multifaceted determinants for achieving glycemic control the international diabetes management practice study (IDMPS)

OBJECTIVE - The International Diabetes Mellitus Practice Study is a 5-year survey documenting changes in diabetes treatment practice in developing regions. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors for achieving A1C <7% in 11,799 patients (1,898 type 1 diabetic and 9,901 type 2 diabetic) recruited by 937 physicians from 17 countries in Eastern Europe (n = 3,519), Asia (n = 5,888), Latin America (n = 2,116), and Africa (n = 276). RESULTS - Twenty-two percent of type 1 diabetic and 36% of type 2 diabetic patients never had A1C measurements. In those with values for A1C, blood pressure, and LDL cholesterol, 7.5% of type 1 diabetic (n = 696) and 3.6% of type 2 diabetic (n = 3,896) patients attained all three recommended targets (blood pressure < 130/80 mmHg, LDL cholesterol <100 mg/dl, and A1C <7%). Self-monitoring of blood glucose was the only predictor for achieving the A1C goal in type 1 diabetes (odds ratios: Asia 2.24, Latin America 3.55, and Eastern Europe 2.42). In type 2 diabetes, short disease duration (Asia 0.97, Latin America 0.97, and Eastern Europe 0.82) and treatment with few oral glucose-lowering drugs (Asia 0.64, Latin America 0.76, and Eastern Europe 0.62) were predictors. Other region-specific factors included lack of microvascular complications and old age in Latin America and Asia; health insurance coverage and specialist care in Latin America; lack of obesity and self-adjustment of insulin dosages in Asia; and training by a diabetes educator, self-monitoring of blood glucose in patients who self-adjusted insulin, and lack of macrovascular complications in Eastern Europe. CONCLUSIONS - In developing countries, factors pertinent to patients, doctors, and health care systems all impact on glycemic control.Facultad de Ciencias Médica

Meta-lay theories of scientific potential drive underrepresented students’ sense of belonging to science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM)

The current research investigates people’s perceptions of others’ lay theories (or mindsets), an understudied construct that we call meta-lay theories. Six studies examine whether underrepresented students’ meta-lay theories influence their sense of belonging to science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM). The studies tested whether underrepresented students who perceive their faculty as believing most students have high scientific aptitude (a universal metatheory) would report a stronger sense of belonging to STEM than those who think their faculty believe that not everyone has high scientific aptitude (a nonuniversal metatheory). Women Ph.D. candidates in STEM fields who held universal rather than nonuniversal metatheories felt greater sense of belonging to their field, both when metatheories were measured (Study 1) and manipulated (Study 2). Undergraduates who held more universal metatheories reported a higher sense of belonging to STEM (Studies 3 and 4) and earned higher final course grades (Study 3). Experimental manipulations depicting a professor communicating the universal lay theory eliminated the difference between African American and European American students’ attraction to a STEM course (Study 5) and between women and men’s sense of belonging to STEM (Study 6). Mini meta-analyses indicated that the universal metatheory increases underrepresented students’ sense of belonging to STEM, reduces the extent of social identity threat they experience, and reduces their perception of faculty as endorsing stereotypes. Across different underrepresented groups, types of institutions, areas of STEM, and points in the STEM pipeline, students’ metaperceptions of faculty’s lay theories about scientific aptitude influence their sense of belonging to STEM

Multifaceted Determinants for Achieving Glycemic Control the International Diabetes Management Practice Study (IDMPS)

OBJECTIVE - the International Diabetes Mellitus Practice Study is a 5-year survey documenting changes in diabetes treatment practice in developing regions.RESEARCH DESIGN and METHODS - Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors for achieving A1C <7% in 11,799 patients (1,898 type 1 diabetic and 9,901 type 2 diabetic) recruited by 937 physicians from 1.7 countries in Eastern Europe (n = 3,519), Asia (n = 5,888), Latin America (n = 2,116), and Africa (n = 276).RESULTS - Twenty-two percent of type 1 diabetic and 36% of type 2 diabetic patients never had A1C measurements. in those with values for A1C, blood pressure, and LDL cholesterol, 7.5% of type 1 diabetic (n = 696) and 3.6% of type 2 diabetic (n = 3,896) patients attained all three recommended targets (blood pressure <130/80 mmHg, LDL cholesterol <100 mg/dl, and A1C <7%). Self-monitoring of blood glucose was the only predictor for achieving the A1C goal in type 1 diabetes (odds ratios: Asia 2.24, Latin America 3.55, and Eastern Europe 2.42). in type 2 diabetes, short disease duration (Asia 0.97, Latin America 0.97, and Eastern Europe 0.82) and treatment With few oral glucose-lowering drugs (Asia 0,64, Latin America 0.76, and Eastern Europe 0,62) were predictors, Other region-specific factors included lack of microvascular complications and old age in Latin America and Asia; health insurance coverage and specialist care in Latin America; lack of obesity and self-adjustment of insulin dosages in Asia; and training by a diabetes educator, self-monitoring of blood glucose in Patients who self-adjusted insulin, and lack of macrovascular complications in Eastern Europe.CONCLUSIONS - in developing countries, factors pertinent to Patients, doctors, and health care systems all impact on glycemic control.Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Prince Wales Hosp, Dept Med & Therapeut, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R ChinaNatl Univ La Plata, Sch Med,Ctr Expt & Appl Endocrinol, Collaborating Ctr Diabet,Natl Sci & Tech Res Coun, WHO,Pan Amer Hlth Org, La Plata, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaKorea Univ, Guro Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Seoul, South KoreaDept Intercontinental Med Affairs, Paris, FranceUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Prevent Med, São Paulo, BrazilIuliu Hatieganu Univ Med, Diabet Ctr & Clin, Cluj Napoca, RomaniaIstanbul Univ, Cerrahpasa Med Fac, Dept Internal Med, Istanbul, TurkeyDr A Ramachandrans Diabet Hosp, India Diabet Res Fdn, Madras, Tamil Nadu, IndiaJaveriana Univ, Endocrinol Unit, Bogota, ColombiaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Prevent Med, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

The Rationality of Prejudices

We model an -player repeated prisoner's dilemma in which players are given traits (e.g., height, age, wealth) which, we assume, affect their behavior. The relationship between traits and behavior is unknown to other players. We then analyze the performance of “prejudiced” strategies—strategies that draw inferences based on the observation of some or all of these traits, and extrapolate the inferred behavior to other carriers of these traits. Such prejudiced strategies have the advantage of learning rapidly, and hence of being well adapted to rapidly changing conditions that might result, for example, from high migration or birth rates. We find that they perform remarkably well, and even systematically outperform both Tit-For-Tat and ALLD when the population changes rapidly

Genuine Personality Recognition from Highly Constrained Face Images

People are able to accurately estimate personality traits, merely on the basis of \u201cpassport\u201d-style neutral faces and, thus, cues must exist that allow for such estimation. However, up&nbsp;to date, there has been little progress in identifying the form and location of these cues. In this paper we address the problem of inferring true personality traits in highly constrained images using state of art machine learning techniques, in particular, deep networks and class activation maps analysis. The novelty of our work consists in that, differently from the vast majority of the current and past approaches (that refer to the problem of consensus personality rating prediction) we predict the genuine personality based on highly constrained images: the target\u2019s are self ratings on a validated personality inventory and we restrict to passport-like photos, in which so-called controllable cues are minimized. Our results show that self-reported personality traits can be accurately evaluated from facial features. A preliminar analysis on the features activation maps shows promising results for a deeper understanding on relevant facial cues for traits estimation